|
|
A504 PLUS
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
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|
|
MTI
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
2
|
-
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|
|
Textease
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
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|
|
Trapdoor
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
1
|
1
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|
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Multi Form
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
-
|
-
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|
|
OSI
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
1
|
-
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|
|
Amstrad Computer User
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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1
|
1
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|
|
LAN TIMES
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
1
|
-
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|
|
Grundy Business Systems Ltd
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
1
|
1
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|
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SunBlade
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
2
|
-
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|
|
Little, Brown
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Standard Microsystems Corporation
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Discwasher
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Physicians Practice Management
|
USA
|
-
|
Medical office management software company founded in 1978, based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Produced THRESHOLD and PC*CLAIM software for IBM PC compatibles.
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Gamer
|
-
|
-
|
In the context of computing history, 'Gamer' is not a specific historical hardware manufacturer, software house, or brand, but rather a ubiquitous term used to describe a subset of users and a massive industry sector. While there are many companies with 'Gamer' in their name, no singular historical entity known simply as 'Gamer' holds a distinct place in the annals of computing-era milestones. It represents the cultural identity of enthusiasts who transitioned from early arcade gaming to high-performance PC and console-based environments, driving the demand for specialized hardware and advanced graphics processing.
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Reliable Typewriter & Adding Machine Co.
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
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|
|
Dr Watson
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
AWC
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
A2 Heaven
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Gottlieb
|
USA
|
1981
|
Gottlieb was a legendary name in the amusement industry, transitioning from classic mechanical pinball machines to sophisticated electro-mechanical and solid-state systems. During the golden age of pinball, Gottlieb defined the industry with innovative designs and high-quality engineering. As the industry shifted toward digital technology, the company became a pioneer in the integration of microprocessors and video-based gaming. Their machines are highly sought after by collectors today for their iconic art, complex mechanical layouts, and significant influence on the evolution of arcade gaming and electronic pinball-play.
|
2
|
-
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2
|
|
|
Barbara's Choice
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
α-Thing
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
LJN
|
USA
|
1981
|
LJN (Lewis J. Perdue) was an American video game publisher that became a notorious figure in gaming history during the 1980s and early 1990s. Primarily known for publishing titles on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), the company specialized in licensed properties from television shows and movies. While they achieved commercial success with titles like Dragon Ball Z and various cartoon-based games, they also earned a lasting reputation for releasing low-quality, poorly optimized software.
In the realm of retro computing and gaming culture, LJN is often cited as a symbol of the 'shovelware' era. Their games frequently became subjects of fascination and mockery within the gaming community due to their high difficulty curves and technical flaws. Today, LJN is remembered as a cautionary tale of the importance of software quality and a staple topic in discussions regarding the history of licensed gaming.
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
SOFSOURCE / Personal Companion Software
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Progressive Peripherals and Software
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Q-Calc
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Paltec
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Simulmondo
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
Ennyah Technologies
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Applied Hypercard
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Tubetime
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
MWave
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Tandy Leather Company
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Dynamic Graphics
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
SuperMac Technology
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
Min
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Martello
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
The Writer
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Libra Programming, Inc.
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
SUPER MOUSE
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Aleph One
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
RFW
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
PHASOR ONE
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
SAN ACE
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Espon
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Penril Corp.
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
Quickjoy Top Star
|
-
|
-
|
Quickjoy Top Star was a premium/arcade-style line of joysticks released under the Quickjoy brand, designed for competitive home computer gaming in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Creed
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Goal Systems
|
United States
|
1975
|
Developer and marketer of IBM mainframe data center management software. Founded in 1975.
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Biege
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
ディスクステーション
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Connect Software Ltd
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
HMSO
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
Calchron
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Pressworks
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Bobcat
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Lingenuity
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Dynatone
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
CyberCooler
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
Urban Corporation
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
AMI64
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Apple Puget Sound
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
CSM Software
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Little Black Book
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Act!
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Access SQL
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Professional Page
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
LEMARU
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
MacTutor
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Dictaphone (Sanyo)
|
Japan
|
1954
|
Sanyo, a Japanese electronics giant, played a pivotal role in the evolution of consumer audio and recording technology. While 'Dictaphone' is a genericized trademark often associated with various recording devices, Sanyo produced a wide array of high-quality voice recorders and audio-visual equipment that became staples in offices and homes worldwide. Their products bridged the gap between professional transcription tools and consumer-grade electronics, contributing significantly to the democratization of audio recording.
In the realm of retro electronics, Sanyo is remembered for its robust engineering and its ability to scale consumer electronics from basic analog-to-digital transitions. Their contribution to the history of computing and media includes the development of reliable hardware that supported early digital workflows and voice-to-text precursors, making them a respected name in the mid-to-late 20th-century electronics landscape.
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
World of Spectrum
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
ConnectGear
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Archos
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
BDM
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Cambridge Collection
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
StrongARM
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Jacques Carpentier
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Fairchild Semiconductor
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
EduCALC
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Replacement
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
Veritex
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Microcomputer Research Inc.
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
SJS-1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
VEB RFT
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Major League Baseball
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
Cameleon
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
TEA
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
QED Information Sciences
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
VECTOR HARD & SOFT
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
DIGILOG
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Forth Inc.
|
-
|
1971
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Intel Corporation
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
DataMate
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
DASH
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
PrintMaster
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Fujiwork
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Microscribe
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
DR DOS
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
Eiaj
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Monotype
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Jazz Turbo Classic mk II
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Midori Electronics
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Homespun
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
General Mills
|
United States
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Procorp
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
CybertronPC
|
USA
|
-
|
American boutique PC builder specializing in gaming and custom computers
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
Computer Mail Order
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Sierra Home
|
USA
|
1979
|
Home productivity software division of Sierra Entertainment, published software like Print Artist, Card Studio, and other consumer applications.
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
Transco
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
IDSI
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
RAC
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Nintendo Co., Ltd.
|
Japan
|
1889
|
Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a global icon in the entertainment industry, transitioning from a traditional Japanese playing card company founded in 1889 to a dominant force in video game history. They revolutionized the industry with the release of the NES, which helped stabilize the home console market, and later defined the handheld era with the Game Boy. Their ability to blend innovative hardware with legendary software franchises like Mario and Zelda has made them a cornerstone of gaming culture.
Beyond traditional consoles, Nintendo has pushed the boundaries of interactive-play through motion controls and hybrid systems like the Nintendo Switch. Their contribution to computing history lies in their mastery of specialized hardware-software integration, creating immersive, accessible experiences that have shaped the way generations interact with digital technology.
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Macnica
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Alpha Books
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
ACID
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
Network Everywhere
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
M Chess
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
Code Head
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Gladstone Electronics
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Dr. Solomon’s
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Coolnovelties
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Doré Image
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Oregan
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
R. v. Decker's Verlag
|
Germany
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
honet
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
ブリヂストン
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
アイオーデータ
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Amazon Digital Services
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
HELMETS
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
CQ出版
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Shadow RAM
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
JOYBALL
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
GM
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
HTF
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
|
Island Logic
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Apollon
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Spellmaster
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
ViPER
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
CB-CV01
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
NTT出版
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
PROJECT POLYPHON
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Bic Tokai
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Retro DAMPER
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Nintendo / BANDAI
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Mega Gadget
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
|
|
Speedysoft
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-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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-
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Scientific Publishing Company
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-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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-
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DEC/MDB Systems
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-
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2
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2
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瑞起
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-
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-
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2
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1
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-
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MSXπ
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-
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-
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2
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2
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-
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Moore Industries
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-
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-
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2
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-
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-
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東京ニーズ
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-
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-
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-
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2
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2
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-
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YOBO
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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Gimme New Feet
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-
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-
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-
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2
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1
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-
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Greeting Card Factory
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-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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DigiPro
|
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-
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-
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2
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-
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2
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N.E.S.I.
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-
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-
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-
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2
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1
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1
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ITE
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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-
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E-power
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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am3
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Japan
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-
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-
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2
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2
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Commordore
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-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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変換番長
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-
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-
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-
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2
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2
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-
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GROOVY
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-
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-
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-
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2
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1
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-
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Amphenol / Centronics
|
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-
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-
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2
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-
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-
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Visual Memory
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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2
|
-
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Allpress
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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-
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Gamester
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
-
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2
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Lady
|
-
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-
|
-
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2
|
-
|
-
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i-6
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
-
|
-
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|
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Imagraph Corp
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
MAX
|
USA
|
1982
|
MAX (often associated with the MAX computer or specialized microcomputer kits) represents a niche era of the early 1980s microcomputing boom. During this period, small-scale developers and hobbyist-focused brands emerged to provide affordable computing-as-a-kit solutions for enthusiasts. These systems were designed to bridge the gap between high-end professional machines and basic educational tools, often utilizing Z80 or 6502 processors.
While not a household name like Apple or Commodore, the MAX brand contributed to the vibrant homebrew and hobbyist culture of the early 80s. These machines were instrumental in teaching a generation of programmers the fundamentals of assembly language and hardware interfacing, leaving a lasting legacy in the history of retro computing and the development of early home-based software ecosystems.
|
2
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1
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1
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Apple2OnlineStore
|
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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ハソン
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
2
|
-
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Tandem
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
-
|
1
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ZORRAM
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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2
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Supra Express
|
-
|
-
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-
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2
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-
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2
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Science Research Associates
|
-
|
-
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-
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2
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-
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-
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Boole & Babbage
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
-
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-
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NEC Information Systems, Inc.
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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PowerA
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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ADAX
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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2
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Circuit-Linkage
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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2
|
-
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モビロン
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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1
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-
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Instructo
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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2
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Voniset
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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1
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YSN
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
1
|
-
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AB Designs
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
-
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1
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BMI, INC.
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
-
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-
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Family King
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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2
|
-
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GOICHI
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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2
|
-
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CTIFREE
|
-
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-
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-
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2
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-
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2
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yanataka
|
-
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-
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-
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2
|
1
|
-
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HFS
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
1
|
1
|
|
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DCX
|
-
|
-
|
-
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2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Jay Soft
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
POPCOM BOOKS
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
メルコ (Merco) / BUFFALO
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Manpower
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
2
|
|
|
i-10
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
1
|
-
|
|
|
Lifestyle Bookazine
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|